地震前兆异常的动态从属函数及其特征指标的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑熙铭  冯德益 《地震》1994,(1):36-43

地震前兆涉及到众多物理的和化学的观测方法，且计量单位也各不相同，因此，在各类前兆异常之间无法进行直接的定时量对比，从而给地震综合预报标志体系的建立带来了困难。针对这一技术难题，本文提出了对各类前兆观测项目都适用的一个无量纲值（异常从属函数值μ）来统一归划不同性质，不同计量单位的地震前兆异常，并由此建立起具有重现性的地震前兆短临综合预报指标，还给出了各类地震前兆映震能力的定量描述。  相似文献   

华北地区强震重复性模式的讨论     

姜秀娥  张国民 《地震》1994,(5):53-58

根据位错量与地震应变能的关系及岩石不均匀脆性材料在受力后小破裂增加的特点，本文对华北这一相对完整块体的强震、强震丛、中强地震的活动参数与发震时间间隔进行了研究，初步建立了一种强震重复性的非线性简化模式，对强震丛之前中强地震的时间分布入物理力学过程有了一个大概的认识。在此基础上，讨论了中长期地震预测中的两个具体问题：①如何估计地震活动高潮时段开始时间；②高潮时段强震规模与结构的估计。  相似文献   

日本海区地震活动的初步研究     

孙文斌 《地震》1994,(5):65-70

利用日本海区丰富的震史资料，研究了该区强震活动时一空变化的某些特征。并以此为据，将１９００年以来的地震活动划分了三个地震轮回。文中讨论了各幕的持续时间及其强震的频度分布，同时还分析了各轮回的强震地区分布，探讨了每个强震高潮主体活动区形成特点，这些结果可作为研究日本海区强震高潮到来和结束的标志以及为判断未来主体活动区等强震预测问题提供线索。此外，本文还分析了我国大陆强震高潮与日本海沟地震的相关关系。  相似文献   

吉林省现代有感地震活动及震害     

刘志平  姜悦真 《东北地震研究》1997,13(4):15-21

吉林省境内１９７６年以来仪器记录到的新有地震一般的ＭＬ１．０～４．３小震，在这些小震中约１／９的地震有感，ＭＬ≥２．５小震的１／３有感，ＭＬ≥３．５级地震全部有感。有感小震主要分布在吉林省中部和南部，与吉林省现今中小震空间分布有大致相同的格架，与发震构造密切相关，绝大多数地震听到了地声，震级小烈度值偏大，有感小震在极震区造成一定的震害。  相似文献   

Geographical distribution of hypocentral depths of Chinese earthquakes     

段星北 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(6):731-741

ＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｙｐｏｃｅｎｔｒａｌｄｅｐｔｈｓｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓＸＩＮＧ－ＢＥＩＤＵＡＮ（段星北）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ，ＳｔａｔｅＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒ...  相似文献   

Statistical analysis of strong-motion accelerograms and its application to earthquake early-warning systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gunnar Grecksch  Hans-Joachim Kümpel 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,129(1):113-123

In view of increasing damage due to earthquakes, and the current problems of earthquake prediction, real-time warning of strong ground motion is attracting more interest. In principle, it allows short-term warning of earthquakes while they are occurring. With warning times of up to tens of seconds it is possible to send alerts to potential areas of strong shaking before the arrival of the seismic waves and to mitigate the damage, but only if the seismic source parameters are determined rapidly. The major problem of an early-warning system is the real-time estimation of the earthquake's size.
We investigated digitized strong-motion accelerograms from 244 earthquakes that occurred in North and Central America between 1940 and 1986 to find out whether their initial portions reflected the size of the ongoing earthquake. Applying conventional methods of time-series analyses we calculate appropriate signal parameters and describe their uncertainties in relation to the magnitude and epicentral distance. The study reveals that the magnitude of an earthquake can be predicted from the first second of a single accelerogram within ±1.36 magnitude units. The uncertainty can be reduced to about ±0.5 magnitude units if a larger number (≥8) of accelerograms are available, which requires a dense network of seismic stations in areas of high seismic risk.  相似文献   

A geography of natural perils     

Russell Blong 《The Australian geographer》1997,28(1):7-27

Earthquakes, tropical cyclones and floods are the most important natural perils in terms of human deaths on a global basis. In Australia, at least 4300 deaths in the last 200 years have been produced by heatwaves; about 2000–2200 each by tropical cyclones and floods; and bushfires and lightning strikes have each killed at least 650 people. On a global basis it appears that floods, tropical storms, droughts and earthquakes are the most damaging natural perils. In Australia, in terms of median damage per event, hailstorms are the most expensive insured natural peril, while three events—the 1989 Newcastle earthquake, 1974's Cyclone Tracy, and the 1990 Sydney hailstorm—produced 36 per cent of the total insured damage in the period since 1967. The Newcastle earthquake and the Sydney hailstorm have provided opportunities for new understandings of these perils and their consequences. While much has been learnt from the devastation of Rabaul town by the 1994 eruption, a rare opportunity for a detailed study of building damage has been lost. Without detailed studies, risk rating, where Risk = Hazard (or peril) × Vulnerability, is difficult.  相似文献   

A coupled seismic-geotechnical approach to site-specific strong motion     

François E. Heuze  Tzou-Shin Ueng  Lawrence J. Hutchings  Stephen P. Jarpe  Paul W. Kasameyer 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1997,16(4):259-272

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环渤海滨海地带大中城市的发展   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

王淑华  张平宇 《地理科学》1995,15(1):14-23

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Source parameters of earthquakes in the Aleutian Islands subduction zone     

F. Liakopoulou-Morris  I. G. Main  R. G. Pearce 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,120(2):419-432

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